Section 1.1: Atomicity

Atomicity refers to the concept of transactions being treated as indivisible units. This means that a series of operations within a transaction must either all succeed or none at all. In simpler terms, if any part of the transaction fails, the entire transaction is rolled back. This guarantees that partial updates cannot occur due to unforeseen events such as power failures or errors.

Moreover, during an atomic transaction, other clients cannot detect its progress. They will only know the outcome once the transaction is complete.

Section 1.2: Consistency

Consistency addresses the integrity of data according to predefined rules and constraints. A database is deemed consistent when its data aligns with these regulations. Simply put, consistency ensures that all data within the database is correct and valid.

Subsection 1.2.1: Example of Consistency

Section 1.3: Isolation

Isolation allows multiple transactions to be executed simultaneously without interference. This property is crucial for enhancing the efficiency and speed of operations. It ensures that the actions of one transaction do not impact others running concurrently. Consequently, the final results of these transactions will mimic the outcomes as if they were executed sequentially.

Section 1.4: Durability

Durability guarantees that once a transaction is successfully completed, its changes are permanent in the database. This means that even in the event of a system failure, the data remains intact. Once executed, any modifications are written to disk, ensuring they are preserved indefinitely unless altered by subsequent operations.